Audio Resources, (Feel free to contribute!) Options

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- Audio Software/Tools -

Goldwave
Audio recording, converting, and editing. There's a shareware and full version.

Audacity
Audio recording and editing program. Free!

Noteworthy
For making your own midis, available as a trial version.

Anvil Studio
For making your own midis.

Music Sculptor
For making your own midis.

TuxGuitar
Midi creator that features tablature. Freeware.

Finale NotePad
Free music notation software.

ACID Express
Digital audio workstation. Free!

KVR Audio
Tons of free VST, AU, and DX instruments and FX plugins for audio apps.

MU Tools
A free audio and midi tracking software. Runs on both Windows and Mac OSX.

SF2Midi
Free soundfonts, you need to register on the site though.

VST Plug-ins

- Audio Resources/Tutorials -

Tonal Harmony by Stefan Kostka
A standard textbook/workbook combo for music majors. It focuses heavily on the music of J.S. Bach, and extends to 20th century techniques.
(Link contributed by sartor.)

1000's of free Soundfonts
Includes many good soundfonts. You also don't have to register.
(Link contributed by Ourihemai.)

Please feel free to contribute links (with descriptions, preferably) by replying to this topic. The OP will be updated as necessary. =]
Also, if you find a dead link or mistake in this post, please report it - thanks!

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Thanks for the link, I'd updated the first post. ^^